Conditionals & Wishes

Das Wichtigste kurz erklärt

Conditionals & Wishes in 3 Schritten – mit Beispielen.

1. The three types

   Type I (real): present + will. Type II (unreal present): past + would. Type III (unreal past): past perfect + would have + participle.

   If it rains, I will stay. / If I were rich, I would travel. / If she had studied, she would have passed.

2. Wishes

   After 'wish' use the past simple for a present wish and the past perfect for a regret about the past.

   I wish I were taller. / I wish I had studied harder.

3. 'if only'

   'If only' expresses a strong wish or regret, like 'wish'.

   If only I had more time!

Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen

10 Beispielaufgaben aus diesem Thema – erst selbst überlegen, dann die Lösung aufklappen.

1. Which is a type I conditional?

   • AIf it rains, I will stay home.
   • BIf it had rained, I would have stayed.
   • CIf it rained, I would stay home.
   Lösung anzeigen

   Richtig: A – If it rains, I will stay home.

   Typ I (real): if + present, will + Infinitiv – If it rains, I will stay home.

2. Wish about the present: I wish I ___ (be) taller.Antwort: past form

   Lösung anzeigen

   Lösung: were

   Past form after 'wish'. Regel: Typ I If+Present/will, Typ II If+Past/would, Typ III If+Past Perfect/would have; I wish + Past (unwirklicher Wunsch).

3. Type I: If you ___ (heat) ice, it melts.Antwort: present simple

   Lösung anzeigen

   Lösung: heat

   Present simple. Regel: Typ I If+Present/will, Typ II If+Past/would, Typ III If+Past Perfect/would have; I wish + Past (unwirklicher Wunsch).

4. Wish: I wish it ___ (not / rain) so much.Antwort: past negative

   Lösung anzeigen

   Lösung: didn't rain

   Past simple, negative. Regel: Typ I If+Present/will, Typ II If+Past/would, Typ III If+Past Perfect/would have; I wish + Past (unwirklicher Wunsch).

5. Why say 'I wish I had studied' for regret about the past? Choose the reason.

   • Abecause 'wish' needs the future
   • Bbecause 'studied' is too simple
   • Cthe past perfect after 'wish' refers to a past we cannot change, expressing regret
   Lösung anzeigen

   Richtig: C – the past perfect after 'wish' refers to a past we cannot change, expressing regret

   Past regret. Regel: Typ I If+Present/will, Typ II If+Past/would, Typ III If+Past Perfect/would have; I wish + Past (unwirklicher Wunsch).

6. Type III: 'If I had known, I ___ helped.'

   • Awould have
   • Bwould
   • Cwill have
   • Dhad
   Lösung anzeigen

   Richtig: A – would have

   Type III main clause: would have + 3rd form.

7. 'I wish I ___ taller.'

   • Awere
   • Bam
   • Chad been
   • Dwill be
   Lösung anzeigen

   Richtig: A – were

   Wish about the present: past form (were).

8. Which form does the Type III if-clause use?

   • Athe simple past
   • Bthe future
   • Cthe past perfect
   • Dthe present perfect
   Lösung anzeigen

   Richtig: C – the past perfect

   Type III if-clause: past perfect.

9. 'If I were you, I ___ apologise.'

   • Awill
   • Bhave
   • Chad
   • Dwould
   Lösung anzeigen

   Richtig: D – would

   Type II advice: would + infinitive.

10. Weshalb steht in 'I wish I were' die Vergangenheitsform?

    • Aweil 'were' kurz ist
    • Bweil sie eine unwirkliche Gegenwart ausdrückt
    • Cweil man nach 'wish' im Englischen grundsätzlich immer nur eine reine Zukunftsform verwenden darf
    Lösung anzeigen

    Richtig: B – weil sie eine unwirkliche Gegenwart ausdrückt

    Unwirklicher Wunsch → Vergangenheitsform.

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